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The evolution of motivation theory in organizational studies has been significant, from Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management Theory to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. The 20th century saw further developments with the Hawthorne Studies, McGregor's Theory X and Y, McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, and the emergence of Motivation Crowding Theory and Incentive Theory of Motivation. These theories have shaped our understanding of what drives individuals in the workplace, considering economic, psychological, and social factors.
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Frederick Winslow Taylor believed that monetary compensation was the primary motivator for workers
Abraham Maslow proposed that human motivation is driven by the desire to fulfill a series of needs, from basic physiological requirements to self-actualization
Frederick Herzberg differentiated between 'hygiene factors' that can cause dissatisfaction and 'motivators' that can encourage job satisfaction
Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies emphasized the importance of social relations and employee well-being in the workplace
Douglas McGregor contrasted assumptions about employee motivation and highlighted the role of management perceptions in shaping workplace dynamics
David McClelland identified three primary motivators - achievement, affiliation, and power - that influence individual behavior
David McClelland's theory suggests that the need for achievement, power, and affiliation significantly influences an individual's actions
John Stacey Adams' theory posits that individuals seek fairness in their work relationships and are motivated by the balance between their inputs and outcomes
R.W. Rogers' theory explains how individuals are motivated to engage in protective behaviors based on their assessment of threat severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy
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Scientific Management Theory origin
Introduced by F.W. Taylor in the 1910s, focusing on efficiency and productivity through wage incentives.
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Primary motivator in Taylor's theory
Monetary compensation was seen as the main motivator for workers according to Taylor.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
A theory from the 1940s stating human motivation is driven by fulfilling needs from basic physiological to self-actualization.
