Characteristics and Diversity of Icy Moons and Trans-Neptunian Objects

Exploring the characteristics of icy moons and Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the 200-399 km size range reveals their spherical shapes, low densities, and internal porosity, suggesting a formation process free from intense gravitational compression. Mid-sized Kuiper Belt Objects like 2002 AW197 and Varda exhibit diverse physical properties and classifications, while observational data from telescopes and space missions enhance our understanding of these distant celestial bodies' masses, densities, and compositions. These findings are crucial for piecing together the formation and evolutionary history of our solar system.

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Characteristics of Icy Moons and Trans-Neptunian Objects in the 200-399 km Size Range

Icy moons and Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) within the size range of 200 to 399 kilometers in radius generally assume a spherical shape due to self-gravity, yet they do not strictly adhere to hydrostatic equilibrium. This indicates that these bodies have not been subjected to intense gravitational compression, which is necessary to form a fully solidified core. Their densities, which are notably low, averaging between 1 to 1.2 grams per cubic centimeter, suggest a high level of internal porosity. This porosity is likely a remnant of their formation process, indicating that these objects are composed of materials that have not been densely packed together, unlike larger celestial bodies that have undergone differentiation and possess distinct core and mantle layers due to gravitational forces.
Icy moon with cratered surface and signs of cryovolcanism, brown-grey Kuiper Belt object and gas giant with atmospheric banding, on starry background.

Physical Properties and Classification of Mid-Sized Kuiper Belt Objects

The Kuiper Belt, extending beyond the orbit of Neptune, is populated with a variety of mid-sized objects, each with distinct physical properties and classifications. The cubewano 2002 AW197, measuring roughly 384 kilometers in radius, follows a near-circular orbit that does not intersect with Neptune's path. Varda, another Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) with a radius of 373 kilometers, forms part of a binary system and has a measured mass and density that suggest a denser composition. The scattered disc object (SDO) 2013 FY27, approximately 370 kilometers in radius, and the plutino 2003 AZ84, with a radius between 362 and 386 kilometers, are also part of binary systems. Plutinos are a subset of KBOs that are locked in a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune. These celestial bodies, along with others such as Ixion and Varuna, demonstrate the diverse range of shapes, sizes, and compositions that characterize the distant reaches of our solar system.

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1

Celestial bodies with a radius of ______ to ______ kilometers typically become spherical because of their own gravity.

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200 399

2

The lack of a fully solidified core in these objects suggests they haven't experienced intense ______ compression.

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gravitational

3

Cubewano 2002 AW197 Orbit

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Near-circular orbit, does not cross Neptune's path.

4

Varda's Binary System

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Varda is part of a binary system, denser composition indicated by mass and density.

5

Plutinos and Orbital Resonance

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Plutinos are KBOs in 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune.

6

The ______ has been crucial for direct observations of distant celestial bodies.

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Hubble Space Telescope

7

Gravitational effects in ______ systems have allowed for indirect measurements of celestial bodies.

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binary

8

The celestial object known as ______ has had its mass and density determined.

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2002 UX25

9

The mass and density of the ______ and its binary companion have been measured.

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SDO Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà

10

______ and thermal modeling are key in understanding the classification and history of celestial bodies.

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Stellar occultations

11

Significance of varying sizes and densities in TNOs

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Indicate different formation processes and conditions in the early solar system.

12

Role of hydrostatic equilibrium in celestial bodies

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Lack of it suggests bodies like TNOs have not been significantly compressed by gravity, retaining original structure.

13

Importance of internal porosity in TNOs and icy moons

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Suggests a composition with voids, providing clues to the material and conditions present during formation.

14

The area beyond Neptune is a ______ of our solar system, home to many unique celestial bodies.

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frontier

15

Studying objects like the cubewano ______ and the SDO ______ has expanded our understanding of the solar system's edge.

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2002 UX25 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà

16

Ongoing ______ and ______ are revealing the intricacies of the solar system's most distant areas.

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observation research

17

The outer regions of the solar system offer a glimpse into the vast array of ______ phenomena within our cosmic vicinity.

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celestial

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