Classical liberalism is a political ideology born from the Enlightenment, emphasizing individual liberties, the rule of law, private property, and free markets. It was shaped by thinkers like John Locke, David Hume, and John Stuart Mill, who advocated for limited government and personal autonomy. The philosophy has evolved into modern liberalism, differing in views on freedom and the role of the state, yet its legacy continues to influence political and economic systems worldwide.
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The Enlightenment period in Europe fostered the development of classical liberalism, emphasizing reason and individual freedoms
John Locke
John Locke's theories of government by consent and natural rights directly opposed the notion of monarchial divine right
David Hume
David Hume examined human nature through the lenses of passion and reason
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant prioritized the role of reason and ethics
Classical liberalism has left an indelible mark on political practice, inspiring movements such as the French Revolution and shaping neoliberal economic policies
Classical liberalism is founded on the principle of individual rights, positing that people are rational beings capable of making decisions in their self-interest
Classical liberals view the state with caution, considering it a potential threat to individual freedoms and advocating for limited government intervention
The concept of the social contract justifies the existence of a government while emphasizing its responsibility to serve the people and protect their rights
Classical liberalism emphasizes negative liberty, or freedom from external constraints, while modern liberalism advocates for positive liberty, including support and opportunities to achieve personal goals
Modern liberalism endorses a more proactive role for the state in ensuring social justice and economic equity, contrasting with the classical liberal preference for limited government intervention
The principles of classical liberalism have had a significant impact on economic theory and political practice, shaping policies such as free-market capitalism and the concept of social justice
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______ liberalism is a political ideology that began during the ______ period, promoting individual liberties and restricting government powers.
Classical
Enlightenment
01
Enlightenment's key principles
Reason, science, empirical evidence; challenged monarchy and church authority.
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Enlightenment's impact on governance
Encouraged questioning of absolutism; advocated for individual freedoms in governance.
