Exploring the distinctive features of plant and animal life, this overview delves into the autotrophic nature of plants and the heterotrophic habits of animals. It examines the principle of nervous coordination, the structure of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the critical role of neurons in communication. The text also discusses motor neurons, neurological disorders like ALS, and the differences between the nervous and endocrine systems.
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Plants are autotrophs that use photosynthesis to synthesize their own food
Animals are heterotrophs that must ingest or absorb organic material for sustenance
Animals possess a nervous system that allows for rapid sensory perception and response to environmental stimuli
Nervous coordination is essential for an organism to maintain homeostasis and respond to its environment
Nervous coordination involves both involuntary reflex actions and voluntary actions that are consciously controlled
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
The PNS is further divided into the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, which regulate involuntary and voluntary bodily functions, respectively
Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system
There are sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons, each with a specific role in processing and transmitting information
Motor neurons play a crucial role in converting neural signals into action and are essential for executing voluntary movements and maintaining vital functions
The nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate a wide range of voluntary and involuntary processes in the body
The nervous system uses electrical signals and neurotransmitters, while the endocrine system uses hormones to convey information throughout the body
00
Plants, unlike animals, can create their own food via ______, utilizing ______, ______, and ______.
photosynthesis
sunlight
carbon dioxide
water
01
Animals need to consume organic material because they are ______, and they have a ______ system for quick sensory responses.
heterotrophs
nervous
02
Involuntary vs. Voluntary Actions
Involuntary: automatic, no conscious control, e.g., blink reflex. Voluntary: conscious control, e.g., moving an arm.
