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The First Peloponnesian War was a pivotal conflict between the Delian League, led by Athens, and the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta. It began with the Battle of Oenoe and saw Athens' rise with naval victories and the construction of the Long Walls. Key battles included Tanagra and Oenophyta, with shifts in power dynamics leading to the Thirty Years' Peace, setting the stage for future conflicts.
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Athens built the Long Walls for protection, which contributed to the start of the war
Megara's switch to the Delian League caused tension between Athens and Sparta
Sparta's fear of Athens' power and influence led to the start of the war
Athens used its naval dominance and Long Walls to extend its influence and protect its supply lines
Athens aimed to expand its power by bringing Aegina into the Delian League and launching attacks on the Peloponnese
Despite a defeat in Egypt, Athens remained focused on controlling the Aegean Sea and strengthening its alliance
Sparta's invasion of Boeotia and victory at Tanagra shifted the balance of power in their favor
Athens' alliance with Argos and control of Megara further solidified their dominance
The Boeotian uprising and defeat at Coronea marked the decline of Athenian power on the mainland
The war ended with the signing of the Thirty Years' Peace, which divided spheres of influence between Athens and Sparta
Despite the treaty, Athens lost territories and saw a decline in their power on the mainland
The underlying tensions between Athens and Sparta persisted, leading to the start of the Second Peloponnesian War
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Leading factions of the First Peloponnesian War
Delian League led by Athens vs. Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
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Significance of the Long Walls for Athens
Provided protection, connecting Athens to its ports, and fueling Spartan insecurity.
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Outcome of the Battle of Tanagra, 457 BC
Spartan victory, but Athens quickly recovered and won subsequent battles.
