Exploring the complexities of cell division and replication, this overview delves into the processes of mitosis and meiosis, DNA repair mechanisms, and the metabolic pathways that fuel cellular growth. It also covers the intricacies of protein synthesis and the dynamics of cell movement and navigation, highlighting the fundamental biological processes that sustain life and enable growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms.
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Prokaryotic cells divide through binary fission, where the cell duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two
Cytokinesis
Mitosis is a complex form of cell division in eukaryotic cells, often coupled with cytokinesis, to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes
Gamete Formation
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that results in four genetically distinct haploid cells, forming gametes for sexual reproduction
Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism used by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, to remove bulky DNA lesions
Mismatch repair is a DNA repair mechanism used by bacteria to correct base-pairing errors
Recombinational repair is a DNA repair mechanism used by bacteria to mend double-strand breaks
Catabolic pathways break down molecules to release energy, such as the breakdown of glucose into ATP
Anabolic pathways use energy to build complex molecules, such as photosynthesis in plants
Transcription is the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into mRNA
Translation is the process of assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain using mRNA and tRNA
Cell motility is the ability of cells to move within their environment, often through the extension of pseudopodia and contraction of the cytoskeleton
Chemotaxis is the ability of cells to detect and move along chemical gradients, important for immune response, development, and cancer metastasis
00
In ______ organisms, like bacteria, cell division happens through binary fission.
prokaryotic
01
Mitosis is often followed by ______, which is the division of a cell's cytoplasm.
cytokinesis
02
Meiosis is a unique type of cell division that creates four ______ cells for sexual reproduction.
genetically distinct haploid
