The Calvin cycle is a vital part of photosynthesis, occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts, where it transforms atmospheric CO2 into glucose. This light-independent process relies on ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions and goes through phases of carbon fixation, reduction, and RuBP regeneration. Understanding this cycle is crucial for grasping how plants produce organic compounds, supporting life on Earth.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
Definition of Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-dependent reactions are the first phase of photosynthesis, in which sunlight is captured to produce energy-rich compounds
Products of Light-Dependent Reactions
The products of light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH, are used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide
Definition of Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle is the second phase of photosynthesis, in which ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules
Phases of the Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle progresses through three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule
Role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin Cycle
ATP and NADPH provide the energy and reducing power, respectively, for the synthesis of glucose in the Calvin cycle
The general stoichiometric equation for the Calvin cycle shows the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose, with the use of ATP and NADPH
Water is both consumed and produced in the Calvin cycle, maintaining the balance of hydrogen in the process
The regeneration of the starting molecule, RuBP, is a crucial step in the Calvin cycle, requiring ATP to continue the cycle
The Calvin cycle produces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a precursor for glucose and other carbohydrates
The remaining G3P molecules are recycled to regenerate RuBP, ensuring the continuity of the Calvin cycle
The regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle is energy-intensive, requiring additional ATP to reform RuBP and continue the cycle
The Calvin cycle takes place in the chloroplast stroma and relies on the energy carriers ATP and NADPH, produced during the light-dependent reactions
The cyclical nature of the Calvin cycle allows for the continuous synthesis of carbohydrates, providing the basis for life on Earth
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Photosynthesis critical role
Converts light energy to chemical energy, sustains life on Earth.
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Photosynthesis two main phases
Light-dependent reactions produce energy-rich compounds; Calvin cycle fixes CO2 into glucose.
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Light-independent reactions other name
Commonly known as the Calvin cycle.
