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Explore the human digestive system's components and their functions, from teeth's mastication to the lower gastrointestinal tract's nutrient absorption. Teeth initiate digestion by breaking down food, while the epiglottis prevents choking during swallowing. The pharynx aids in both respiration and digestion, and the esophagus transports food to the stomach, where chemical digestion occurs. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute to digestion and absorption, with the intestines completing the process.
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Different types of teeth have unique functions in the mechanical breakdown of food during digestion
Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates and helps maintain oral hygiene
The mechanical breakdown of food and enzymatic action of saliva combine to form a manageable mass called a bolus
The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tongue at the top of the larynx
The epiglottis closes over the windpipe during swallowing to direct food and liquid into the esophagus and prevent choking
The epiglottis also contributes to taste and allows air to flow freely into the respiratory tract when not engaged in swallowing
The pharynx is a muscular funnel divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
The oropharynx and laryngopharynx guide food from the mouth to the esophagus and contract rhythmically to push the bolus into the esophagus
The pharynx also allows air to pass through to the respiratory tract during breathing
The esophagus is a muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach and uses peristalsis to propel food towards the stomach
The upper and lower esophageal sphincters control the passage of food and prevent reflux of stomach contents
The esophagus serves as a conduit for food to travel from the mouth to the stomach
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First stage of digestion in humans
Mastication - teeth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces.
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Role of saliva in digestion
Contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion; neutralizes bacteria; cleans food particles.
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Formation and function of bolus
Bolus is a mass formed by chewed food and saliva, facilitating easier swallowing and digestion.
