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Sampling in Psychological Research

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Exploring the principles of sampling in psychological research, this overview discusses probability and non-probability techniques, stratified sampling, and various strategies like opportunity, voluntary, random, and systematic sampling. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding sampling bias to maintain the external validity and generalizability of research findings.

The Principles of Sampling in Psychological Research

Sampling is a critical procedure in psychological research that involves selecting a representative subset of individuals from a larger group, known as the population, for the purpose of study. The population refers to the entire set of individuals to whom the research findings are intended to apply. Due to the impracticality of studying entire populations, researchers rely on samples to draw conclusions. A well-chosen sample should mirror the population's characteristics, enabling valid generalizations. It is essential to distinguish between the population, which is the entire group under study, and a sample, which is a smaller group selected from the population for research purposes.
Diverse group in semi-circle with South Asian female researcher and senior Black man, symbolizing population sample, in a neutral setting.

Probability and Non-Probability Sampling Techniques

Sampling methods in psychological research are divided into probability and non-probability techniques. Probability sampling provides each member of the population with an equal chance of being included in the sample, which is crucial for quantitative research that seeks to make generalizations about the population. For instance, in a population of 100, probability sampling would give each person a 1 in 100 chance of selection. In contrast, non-probability sampling does not offer an equal chance of selection to all individuals, which can introduce biases and limit the strength of inferences about the population. Although less costly and more convenient, non-probability sampling is typically employed in exploratory or qualitative research, where the objective is not to generalize but to deepen understanding of a specific subgroup.

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00

A ______ should reflect the larger group's traits to allow for accurate generalizations in research.

well-chosen sample

01

Probability sampling in quantitative research

Ensures each population member has equal selection chance, crucial for generalizing findings.

02

Non-probability sampling bias potential

Doesn't give equal selection chance, can introduce biases, limiting population inferences.

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