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The American Civil War, from 1861 to 1865, was a defining conflict in U.S. history, sparked by disputes over slavery and state rights. Key developments included the Anaconda Plan, Emancipation Proclamation, and major battles that led to the Confederacy's defeat. The war's aftermath brought Reconstruction and the abolition of slavery, setting the stage for future civil rights advancements.
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The primary cause of the Civil War was the disagreement over whether slavery should be allowed to expand into newly acquired territories
Missouri Compromise of 1820
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a temporary solution to the debate over slavery in new territories
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was another temporary solution to the debate over slavery in new territories
The formation of the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 were perceived as threats by the Southern states, leading to their secession and the outbreak of the Civil War
The Union's strategy, known as the Anaconda Plan, aimed to suffocate the Confederacy through a naval blockade and control of the Mississippi River, while key military engagements included the capture of Confederate cities and the division of the Confederacy
The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, redefined the war's purpose by proclaiming the freedom of slaves within the Confederacy and had a significant impact on the course of the war
The appointment of General Ulysses S. Grant as commander of all Union armies in 1864 marked a strategic shift, leading to a series of decisive victories and the eventual surrender of the Confederacy
The end of the Civil War ushered in the Reconstruction era, a period of rebuilding and reintegration of the Southern states into the Union, and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery throughout the United States
The Civil War had a lasting impact on American society, emancipating millions of enslaved African Americans and introducing advancements in military technology that foreshadowed modern warfare
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Civil War end date and event
April 9, 1865, Lee's surrender at Appomattox
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Union vs. Confederacy composition
Union: federal government, 23 loyal states; Confederacy: 11 seceded Southern states
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1860 election impact on Civil War
Lincoln's anti-slavery stance prompted Southern secession, igniting war
