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Bulgaria's Involvement in World War I

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Explore the key developments of World War I, such as Bulgaria's alignment with the Central Powers, the Macedonian Front stalemate, the breakthrough leading to Bulgaria's surrender, the Ottoman Empire's involvement and atrocities, Italy's entry into the war, the Eastern Front's Russian campaigns, and Romania's war effort culminating in the Treaty of Bucharest.

Bulgaria's Alignment with the Central Powers and the Fall of Serbia

On October 14, 1915, Bulgaria entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers by declaring war on Serbia. This strategic alliance was pivotal in the Central Powers' campaign against Serbia, as Bulgaria's military strength significantly reinforced the Austro-Hungarian forces led by General August von Mackensen. With a combined force now totaling approximately 600,000 soldiers, the Central Powers swiftly overran Serbian defenses. Despite valiant efforts, including the Battle of Kosovo, the Serbian army was compelled to retreat through Albania, suffering great hardships. Montenegro also engaged in combat, notably at the Battle of Mojkovac, in an effort to delay the Central Powers and aid the Serbian withdrawal. Ultimately, the Serbian military was forced to evacuate to the Greek island of Corfu. Serbia was subsequently divided between the occupying forces of Austro-Hungary and Bulgaria, marking a temporary end to Serbian resistance.
Bulgarian soldiers in trenches with Adrian helmets observe the Macedonian front of the First World War, between barbed wire and a devastated landscape.

The Stalemate on the Macedonian Front and Allied Actions in Greece

The Macedonian Front, established following Bulgaria's entry into the war, was characterized by a prolonged stalemate. It was not until the Allies launched the Monastir Offensive in late 1916 that some territorial gains were made, including the recapture of Bitola by French and Serbian troops. Concurrently, the Allies sought to bolster their position by landing a Franco-British expeditionary force at Salonica (Thessaloniki) in Greece, with the intention of supporting Serbia and encouraging Greece to oppose the Central Powers. However, the political situation in Greece was complex; King Constantine I, who harbored sympathies for Germany, dismissed the pro-Allied Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos, leading to a national schism and complicating Allied efforts.

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00

Bulgaria's military support was crucial in the Central Powers' campaign, bolstering forces under General ______ von ______.

August

Mackensen

01

After fierce battles, the Serbian army retreated through ______, leading to their evacuation to the island of ______.

Albania

Corfu

02

Macedonian Front Stalemate Resolution

Monastir Offensive by Allies in 1916 broke stalemate, recaptured Bitola.

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