Explore the key developments of World War I, such as Bulgaria's alignment with the Central Powers, the Macedonian Front stalemate, the breakthrough leading to Bulgaria's surrender, the Ottoman Empire's involvement and atrocities, Italy's entry into the war, the Eastern Front's Russian campaigns, and Romania's war effort culminating in the Treaty of Bucharest.
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Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in World War I by declaring war on Serbia on October 14, 1915
The Battle of Kosovo
Despite their efforts, the Serbian army was forced to retreat through Albania after the Battle of Kosovo
The Battle of Mojkovac
Montenegro engaged in combat at the Battle of Mojkovac to delay the Central Powers and aid the Serbian withdrawal
After their defeat, Serbia was divided between Austro-Hungary and Bulgaria, marking a temporary end to their resistance
The Macedonian Front was established after Bulgaria's entry into the war and was characterized by a prolonged stalemate
The Allies launched the Monastir Offensive in late 1916, resulting in some territorial gains and the recapture of Bitola
The Allies landed a Franco-British expeditionary force in Greece to support Serbia and encourage Greece to oppose the Central Powers
The deadlock on the Macedonian Front was broken in September 1918 with the launch of the Vardar Offensive by Serbian and French forces
The Bulgarian army suffered a critical defeat at the Battle of Dobro Pole, leading to the penetration of Bulgarian territory by Allied forces
Faced with military defeat and internal unrest, Bulgaria signed an armistice on September 29, 1918, leading to a call for a general peace settlement from the German high command
The Ottoman Empire engaged in military operations against Russian territories and sought to protect its strategic interests during World War I
The Ottoman government perpetrated systematic atrocities against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian populations during the war
The Allied Powers opened new fronts against the Ottomans, including the Gallipoli Campaign and the Mesopotamian Campaign, with the assistance of local allies
Despite its membership in the Triple Alliance, Italy initially remained neutral in World War I but declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1915
The Italian Front was marked by grueling mountain warfare in the Alps and Dolomites
The Italian army achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in October 1918, contributing to the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian military forces and signaling the end of the war on the Italian Front
The Russian Empire launched ambitious offensives into Austrian Galicia and East Prussia but suffered defeats at the battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes
The Brusilov Offensive in 1916 temporarily relieved pressure on the Allies but also contributed to domestic unrest and set the stage for the Russian Revolutions of 1917
The Russian Revolutions of 1917 had profound effects on the Eastern Front and the war as a whole
Romania joined the Allies in World War I in August 1916, motivated by the desire to unify Romanian-inhabited territories under Austro-Hungarian rule
After initial advances, Romania's capital, Bucharest, was occupied by Central Powers forces, and the Russian Revolution left Romania geographically isolated
Despite signing the Treaty of Bucharest under duress, Romania re-entered the war on November 10, 1918, after the tide turned in favor of the Allies, rendering the treaty null and void
00
Bulgaria's military support was crucial in the Central Powers' campaign, bolstering forces under General ______ von ______.
August
Mackensen
01
After fierce battles, the Serbian army retreated through ______, leading to their evacuation to the island of ______.
Albania
Corfu
02
Macedonian Front Stalemate Resolution
Monastir Offensive by Allies in 1916 broke stalemate, recaptured Bitola.
