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This comprehensive overview of World War I highlights President Woodrow Wilson's peace initiatives, the impact of the Russian Revolution on the Eastern Front, the entry of the United States into the war, and the subsequent changes in Allied tactics. It also covers the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the climactic year of 1918 with German offensives and Allied counteroffensives, the breakthrough on the Macedonian Front, and the disintegration of the Central Powers, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
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President Wilson proposed negotiations for peace amidst the devastation of World War I
Initial Dismissal of German Proposals
The Allied Powers, led by Prime Minister David Lloyd George, were initially skeptical of Germany's peace overtures
Acknowledgement of Wilson's Initiative
Despite their reservations, the Allied Powers recognized Wilson's independent peace initiative and the potential for US involvement in the war
The Allies demanded the restoration of territories, reparations, and the recognition of national self-determination, among other conditions, in their response to Germany's peace overtures
By 1917, Russia was in turmoil, with severe casualties and food shortages, leading to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the formation of the Russian Provisional Government
The coexistence of these two governing bodies caused disarray and demoralization within the Russian military ranks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, took advantage of the chaos and unrest in Russia, leading to the November Revolution and the eventual withdrawal of Russia from the war
The United States officially entered World War I on April 6, 1917, in response to Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and attacks on American lives and commerce
The US Navy joined forces with the British Grand Fleet, and the US Army grew rapidly due to the Selective Service Act of 1917
President Wilson's determination to play a central role in shaping the post-war world led to the insistence on the American Expeditionary Forces remaining an independent command
In 1918, the German Army launched a series of offensives on the Western Front, aiming for a swift victory before the full deployment of American forces
The Allied counteroffensive, known as the Hundred Days Offensive, began in August 1918 and led to a deterioration in German morale and a forced retreat to the Hindenburg Line
The Allied Vardar offensive in September 1918 achieved a significant breakthrough, leading to the liberation of Serbia and the eventual surrender of Bulgaria
00
During ______, President ______ ______ of the ______ ______ proposed a peace initiative among the warring nations.
World War I
Woodrow
Wilson
United States
01
The ______ Powers, led by ______ ______ ______ of Britain, were skeptical of German peace proposals, suspecting ulterior motives.
Allied
David
Lloyd
George
02
The peace talks failed as the Allies rejected the German offer, demanding more specific terms and the need to maintain their ______.
honor
