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The Emergence of the Preparedness Movement in the United States

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The Preparedness movement in the U.S., gaining traction after the Lusitania sinking in 1915, pushed for military enhancement in anticipation of WWI. Key figures like Theodore Roosevelt and General Leonard Wood led the charge, advocating for universal military training and stronger defense capabilities. Despite Democratic resistance and public skepticism, the movement influenced national defense policy and contributed to America's eventual entry into the war in 1917.

The Emergence of the Preparedness Movement in the United States

The Preparedness movement in the United States gained momentum as World War I unfolded, particularly after the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915, which intensified anti-German sentiment. This movement, which was especially strong in Eastern cities, advocated for the immediate enhancement of the nation's military capabilities in anticipation of potential involvement in the conflict. Prominent figures such as General Leonard Wood, former President Theodore Roosevelt, and ex-secretaries of war Elihu Root and Henry Stimson were at the forefront of this movement. Supported by influential bankers, industrialists, and other elite members of society, they formed a foreign policy group that favored closer ties with Britain and a more internationalist approach to foreign affairs.
Early 20th century military exercise with soldiers in olive green uniforms and helmets, bolt-action rifles and field tents on the lawn.

The Principles and Promotion of Military Preparedness

The Preparedness movement was rooted in a realist worldview that emphasized the importance of economic and military power. Its advocates pointed out the relative weakness of the U.S. military, especially when compared to the formidable German army, and proposed universal military training (UMT) for young men to bolster the nation's defense capabilities. Despite their efforts, the movement faced significant public resistance to such extensive militarization. Additionally, the movement criticized the National Guard for its perceived inefficiencies and politicization, although the Guard was an important institution in some northern states for integrating African American men.

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Significance of RMS Lusitania sinking for Preparedness movement

Sinking in 1915 escalated anti-German sentiment, bolstering Preparedness advocacy for U.S. military readiness.

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Geographic stronghold of Preparedness movement

Movement had strong support in Eastern U.S. cities, influencing national defense policy.

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Socioeconomic backers of Preparedness movement

Bankers, industrialists, and elite society members funded and supported Preparedness, favoring internationalism and UK ties.

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