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Amino acids are the essential building blocks of proteins, influencing their structure and function. These organic molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R-group). Their diverse properties, such as being polar or non-polar, and their amphoteric nature, play a pivotal role in protein synthesis, folding, and interaction with other molecules. Understanding amino acids is key to biochemistry and molecular biology.
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Amino acids are organic molecules that serve as the building blocks of proteins
Components of Amino Acids
Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain
Classification of Amino Acids
Amino acids can be classified as essential or non-essential based on their ability to be synthesized by the human body
Amino acids have diverse properties, including size, shape, charge, and reactivity, which allow them to fulfill specific roles in protein structure and function
Amino acids can be classified into non-polar, polar, aromatic, acidic, and basic groups based on the chemical properties of their side chains
Amino acids can act as both acids and bases due to the presence of an amino group and a carboxyl group
The isoelectric point is the pH at which an amino acid has no net charge and is important for protein purification techniques
Proteins are synthesized through the linking of amino acids via peptide bonds during translation
Interactions among Amino Acids
Various interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects, drive the folding of proteins into specific three-dimensional structures
Levels of Protein Structure
Proteins have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, which are determined by the sequence and properties of their constituent amino acids
The chemical characteristics of amino acids, such as their ability to form salt bridges, play a crucial role in the function of proteins
00
______ are the primary components of proteins and are vital for nearly all ______ functions.
Amino acids
biological
01
The human body categorizes ______ into essential and non-essential, depending on whether they need to be sourced from ______.
amino acids
diet
02
Non-polar amino acids examples
Valine, leucine, isoleucine; hydrophobic side chains avoiding water.
