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Messenger RNA (mRNA) is pivotal in protein synthesis, translating DNA's genetic code into proteins. It undergoes transcription to form a complementary strand, which is then processed and translated by ribosomes with the help of tRNA. Mutations in mRNA can significantly alter protein structure and function, affecting cellular operations. The text explores the synthesis process, mRNA's relationship with tRNA, and the consequences of mRNA mutations.
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RNA polymerase binds to DNA and synthesizes mRNA, which carries genetic information for protein synthesis
Addition of 5' cap and poly-A tail
These modifications protect the mRNA and help it to be recognized by ribosomes during translation
Splicing of introns
Non-coding regions are removed from the mRNA to create a mature transcript for translation
Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use tRNA to translate codons into amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain
mRNA carries the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosome
tRNA pairs its anticodon with the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
The equation mRNA + tRNA + ribosome = Protein Synthesis highlights the importance of their interaction in the production of functional proteins
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region on DNA and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand, which carries the genetic code for protein synthesis
The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and uses tRNA to translate codons into amino acids, forming a functional protein
Point, nonsense, and frameshift mutations can occur in mRNA, potentially altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein
Proofreading by RNA polymerase and the redundancy of the genetic code help to prevent errors in protein synthesis caused by mutations in mRNA