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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is crucial for protein synthesis, forming the structural and functional core of ribosomes. It aligns mRNA and tRNA for accurate decoding, catalyzes peptide bonds, and is used in phylogenetic analysis. The 16S rRNA, in particular, is essential for prokaryotic translation initiation and evolutionary studies. Unlike mRNA and tRNA, rRNA is stable and integral to the ribosome's assembly, playing a key role in the translation process and the central dogma of molecular biology.
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Ribosomal RNA is present in three distinct sizes (5S, 16S, and 23S) in prokaryotes and four sizes (5S, 18S, 23S, and 28S) in eukaryotes
Peptide Bond Formation
Ribosomal RNA plays a catalytic role in peptide bond formation, linking amino acids together to form proteins
Dynamic Interactions with Translation Factors
Ribosomal RNA is instrumental in the dynamic interactions with various translation factors during the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA exhibits a sophisticated three-dimensional conformation, achieved through specific Watson-Crick base pairing, which is essential for its function
Ribosomal RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase I within the nucleolus
Precursor rRNA undergoes meticulous processing, including cleavage and modification, before being assembled with ribosomal proteins
Mature rRNA is assembled with ribosomal proteins and transported to the cytoplasm to participate in protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA ensures the precise alignment of mRNA and tRNA within the ribosome, enabling the accurate decoding of genetic instructions
The enzymatic activity of rRNA, particularly its peptidyl transferase function, is pivotal for the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis
The 16S ribosomal RNA is a vital component of the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes, essential for the initiation of protein synthesis