Exploring the fundamentals of experimental design in psychology, this overview discusses independent measures, repeated measures, matched pairs, and quasi-experimental designs. Each design's benefits and challenges are examined, highlighting their role in controlling variables and ensuring the validity of research findings. Real-world applications and critical evaluations of these designs are also presented, emphasizing their importance in psychological studies.
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Experimental design is the careful orchestration of procedures to test scientific hypotheses in psychological research
Independent Variable
The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to examine its influence on the dependent variable
Dependent Variable
The dependent variable is measured to determine the effect of the independent variable
Allocation of Participants
Participants are assigned to different experimental conditions to shape the investigation
The nature of the hypothesis, feasibility of manipulating variables, potential for random assignment, and characteristics of the study population all impact the selection of an experimental design
Participants are assigned to distinct experimental groups to prevent order effects and demand characteristics
Participants undergo all conditions of the experiment, serving as their own controls to control for individual differences
Participants are paired based on relevant characteristics and randomly assigned to different experimental conditions to mitigate order effects and individual differences
Existing groups are utilized to explore differences when manipulating the independent variable or random assignment is not feasible or ethical
Independent measures design for studying the effects of sleep duration on attentional processes, repeated measures design for assessing mood fluctuations before and after a therapeutic intervention, matched-pairs design for investigating the influence of exercise programs on weight loss, and quasi-experimental design for evaluating the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy across psychiatric conditions
Potential confounding variables such as order effects, demand characteristics, and individual differences must be carefully considered when selecting an experimental design to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings
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In psychological research, ______ design is crucial for testing scientific hypotheses by orchestrating procedures.
Experimental
01
The main goal of this process is to understand the effect of the ______ variable on the ______ variable.
independent
dependent
02
Types of experimental designs in psychology
Independent measures, repeated measures, matched pairs, quasi-experimental.
