Exploring the structure and function of plant stems, this overview highlights their role in support, transport of resources, and reproduction. Stems are adaptable, capable of photosynthesis, and come in various forms like tubers and rhizomes. They also engage in defense and symbiosis, contributing to the plant's survival and showcasing the complexity of plant life.
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Plant stems provide structural support for leaves, flowers, fruits, buds, and branches, and also transport water and nutrients throughout the plant
Xylem and Phloem
Stems act as channels for water and nutrients to move from the roots to the leaves through the xylem, and also transport the products of photosynthesis through the phloem
Stems can store water and nutrients, which is important for plants in arid or nutrient-poor environments
Plant stems have evolved a variety of adaptations to survive in diverse environments, such as cacti's ability to perform photosynthesis and store water in arid conditions
Stems can modify their structure to suit different ecological niches and ensure the plant's survival
Plant stems have developed defense mechanisms, such as thorns and symbiotic relationships with other organisms, to protect against herbivory
Nodes and Internodes
Stems are composed of nodes, where leaves are attached, and internodes, the segments between nodes
Dermal, Ground, and Vascular Tissue
Stems are composed of three types of tissue: dermal, ground, and vascular, which serve different functions such as protection, storage, and transport
Primary and Secondary Growth
Stems undergo primary growth, resulting in an increase in length, and secondary growth, resulting in an increase in girth, particularly in woody plants
Climbing, Horizontal, and Underground Stems
Plant stems exhibit a wide range of forms, including climbing, horizontal, and underground stems, each adapted for specialized functions such as support, reproduction, and storage
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The ______ system includes both leaves and stems, which are vital for supporting and transporting resources in plants.
shoot
01
Plant stems can grow above ground or exist underground as ______ and ______, showing diverse forms and functions.
tubers
rhizomes
02
Stem function: Water and nutrient transport
Stems use xylem to move water/nutrients from roots to leaves.
