Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) are synthetic DNA constructs used in genetics and genomics. Developed in the 1990s, they've been key in genome sequencing and maintaining large DNA fragments. BACs are essential for genomic libraries, gene discovery, and creating transgenic models. They offer cloning advantages but also pose challenges like complex techniques and low transformation efficiencies.
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BACs are synthetic DNA constructs used in genetics and genomics research
Early 1990s
BACs were developed in the early 1990s
Role in Human Genome Project
BACs were instrumental in large-scale genome sequencing efforts, including the Human Genome Project
BACs are composed of an origin of replication, selectable marker gene, multiple cloning site, and restriction sites
Cloning with BACs involves the use of restriction enzymes to insert DNA fragments into the BAC vector and introducing it into bacterial cells for replication
Cloning with BACs allows for the stable maintenance of large DNA fragments and is useful for constructing genomic libraries and studying gene families and complex traits
Cloning with BACs can be more complex and have lower transformation efficiencies compared to other vectors
BACs contain an origin of replication, antibiotic resistance gene, multiple cloning site, and LacZ gene for blue/white screening
BACs are distinguished by their large cloning capacity and stability, making them ideal for preserving large DNA sequences
BACs have various applications in gene therapy, genomic research, and creating transgenic animal models
Technological advancements are expected to enhance BAC applications and address current limitations
BACs are expected to remain vital in studying human genetic diseases, drug development, agriculture, and genomics
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BAC DNA carrying capacity range
BACs can carry 150-350 kilobases of DNA, surpassing E. coli plasmids.
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BAC essential components
Includes origin of replication, selectable marker gene, multiple cloning site, and restriction sites.
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Function of BAC selectable marker gene
Enables identification of bacteria that have incorporated the BAC.
