The viral replication cycle is essential for a virus to multiply within a host. It includes attachment, entry, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. The cycle's efficiency is affected by the virus's genome type, such as RNA or DNA, and external factors like environmental conditions. Understanding these processes aids in developing antiviral therapies and managing viral infections.
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The first step of the viral replication cycle, where the virus binds to a host cell receptor
Direct Penetration
The process by which a virus enters a host cell by directly penetrating its membrane
Endocytosis
The process by which a virus enters a host cell by being engulfed by the cell's membrane
The release of a virus's genetic material into the host cell
These viruses require an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to replicate
These viruses utilize the host's DNA replication system for replication
A unique class of RNA viruses that reverse transcribe their RNA into DNA and integrate it into the host genome
The process by which new viral components come together to form new virions
Lysis
The process by which a virus ruptures the host cell to release progeny viruses
Budding
The process by which a virus buds off from the host cell's membrane to release progeny viruses
A replication process where the virus destroys the host cell
A replication process where the viral genome integrates into the host DNA and replicates without killing the cell
Retroviruses, such as HIV, can lead to latent infections by integrating their DNA into the host genome
Influenza viruses replicate in the host cell nucleus and use neuraminidase to release progeny virions
The virus's genetic composition and the host cell's physiological state can affect viral replication
Environmental conditions, such as temperature and pH, can impact viral stability and transmission
The process of growing compatible host cells in a laboratory setting
Strict safety measures in place to prevent contamination and protect researchers studying viruses in a laboratory setting
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Viral entry methods
Viruses enter host cells via direct penetration or endocytosis.
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Viral uncoating process
Uncoating releases viral genetic material into the host cell after entry.
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Virus-host interaction during replication
Viruses hijack host cellular machinery to synthesize their own components.
