;
Feedback
What do you think about us?
Your name
Your email
Message
Exploring the intricacies of post-translational modifications (PTMs), this overview delves into how PTMs, inteins, DNA methylation, and prions impact protein function and genetic expression. It challenges the traditional central dogma by revealing sophisticated genetic interactions and the dynamic regulation of phenotypes beyond DNA/RNA sequences.
Show More
PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, can alter a protein's structure and function
Protein stability and localization
PTMs can affect a protein's stability and localization within a cell
Protein activity and interactions
PTMs can also impact a protein's activity and interactions with other molecules
PTMs add complexity to the central dogma by showing that proteins can be extensively modified and regulated after synthesis
Inteins are protein sequences that can catalyze their own excision from a host protein, known as protein splicing
Inteins can contain domains that facilitate horizontal gene transfer by inserting or correcting intein sequences in new locations within the genome
Inteins demonstrate a direct role for proteins in modifying genetic material, challenging the central dogma's principle of information flow from nucleic acids to proteins
DNA methylation involves the addition of methyl groups to DNA, often leading to changes in gene expression
Heritability of Methylation Patterns
Methylation patterns can be heritable and play a role in development, genomic imprinting, and the suppression of transposable elements
Influence on Gene Expression
DNA methylation can alter how cells use genetic information, influencing the central dogma by controlling gene expression prior to transcription
DNA methylation challenges the central dogma by showing that modifications to DNA can influence gene expression and phenotype
Prions are infectious agents composed solely of protein that can induce misfolding in normal, cellular prion proteins
Prion misfolding can lead to diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, challenging the central dogma by demonstrating a form of inheritance based on protein conformation
Prions represent a non-traditional means of transmitting biological information, challenging the central dogma's principle of information flow from nucleic acids to proteins
00
After a protein is synthesized, its structure and function may be changed through the addition or removal of ______ or the cleavage of ______.
functional groups
peptide bonds
01
______, ______, and ______ are examples of modifications that can influence a protein's stability, localization, activity, and interactions.
Phosphorylation
glycosylation
ubiquitination
02
Protein splicing process
Inteins catalyze their excision from a host protein, joining exteins to form a functional protein.
