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The Sun, a G-type main-sequence star, is the heart of our Solar System, influencing the orbits of planets and providing essential energy for life on Earth. It is a massive sphere of plasma, undergoing nuclear fusion to convert hydrogen into helium, releasing energy as sunlight. The Sun's lifecycle, cultural significance, and the science of solar observation are key to understanding our cosmic neighborhood.
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The Sun has a diameter of 1,391,000 kilometers and holds 99.86% of the Solar System's total mass
Hydrogen and Helium
The Sun is primarily made up of hydrogen (around 74%) and helium (about 24%)
Other Elements
The remaining 2% of the Sun's composition consists of heavier elements like oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron
The Sun's surface temperature is approximately 5,500 Kelvin, while its core reaches up to 15 million Kelvin
The Sun's gravity dominates the Solar System, keeping planets, asteroids, comets, and other space debris in their respective orbits
The Sun was central to the formation of the Solar System, which began with the gravitational collapse of a molecular cloud about 4.6 billion years ago
The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy, which is approximately 27,000 light-years away, and its gravitational force is the primary influence on the orbital paths of the planets and other celestial objects
The Sun is currently in its main sequence stage, where it is stable and fusing hydrogen into helium in its core
After its main sequence stage, the Sun will enter the red giant phase, expanding and potentially engulfing the inner planets
Eventually, the Sun will become a white dwarf, a compact stellar remnant that will cool and fade over billions of years
The word "sun" comes from the Old English "sunne," and is related to the word "Sonne" in German
The Sun has been central to human cultures throughout history, symbolizing power, life, and time
In scientific contexts, "solar" refers to anything related to the Sun, such as solar energy, solar panels, and the Solar System