Fermentation is an anaerobic process where cells produce ATP without oxygen. It involves glycolysis and NAD+ regeneration, yielding products like ethanol and lactic acid. This process is key for organisms in oxygen-deprived environments and has vast applications in food and industry, influencing human culture with products like cheese, yogurt, and alcoholic beverages.
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Fermentation is a biochemical process that allows cells to generate energy in the absence of oxygen
Differences in Oxygen Requirements
Fermentation does not require oxygen, unlike aerobic respiration
Differences in ATP Production
Fermentation produces only two ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while aerobic respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules
Fermentation is essential for organisms living in oxygen-deprived environments or those that can only tolerate anaerobic conditions
Glycolysis is the first stage of fermentation, occurring in the cytoplasm and converting glucose into pyruvate
The regeneration of NAD+ is a vital step following glycolysis, allowing for the continuation of the glycolytic cycle
Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation, performed by yeast, produces ethanol and carbon dioxide as end products
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation, carried out by certain bacteria, produces lactic acid as the end product
Alcoholic Beverages
Ethanol, a product of alcoholic fermentation, is consumed in alcoholic beverages
Dairy Products
Lactic acid fermentation is responsible for the distinctive flavors of dairy products like cheese and yogurt
Pickled Vegetables
Lactic acid fermentation is also used to preserve vegetables in pickled forms such as sauerkraut and kimchi
Biofuel Production
Ethanol produced through fermentation is utilized as a biofuel
Other Industrial Uses
By-products of fermentation, such as acetone and enzymes, have applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals and bioengineering
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In contrast to ______ respiration, fermentation involves glycolysis and the reduction of ______ to sustain ATP production.
aerobic
pyruvate
01
Location of glycolysis
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
02
Net ATP gain in glycolysis
Glycolysis produces a net gain of two ATP molecules.
