Eukaryotic DNA replication is a highly regulated process ensuring accurate genetic duplication. It involves specific proteins like DNA Polymerases α, ε, and δ, and the Cdc45–Mcm–GINS helicase complex, which unwinds DNA. The replication is coordinated by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and regulated within the cell cycle, with mechanisms like telomerase addressing the end replication problem in linear chromosomes.
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1
Origins of replication in eukaryotic DNA
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2
Role of DNA Polymerase α (Pol α) in replication
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3
Function of DNA Polymerase ε (Pol ε)
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4
Function of DNA Polymerase δ (Pol δ)
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5
Before DNA can be replicated, its double helix must be ______ by enzymes known as DNA ______.
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6
The CMG complex is composed of Mcm2-7 ______ proteins, which create a ______ ring and attach to DNA during the cell cycle's ______ phase.
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7
Activation of the CMG complex occurs in the ______ phase, which is essential for ______ DNA at replication forks.
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8
The CMG complex, along with other regulatory factors, forms the ______ ______ Complex, coordinating with DNA polymerases to build the ______ replisome.
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9
Role of Mrc1 and Claspin in DNA replication
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10
Interaction between Mrc1 and Polymerase ε
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11
Function of Polymerase α in replication initiation
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Polymerase α initiates DNA synthesis, anchored to replication origins by Ctf4.
12
DNA polymerases require ______ to remain steadily connected to the DNA template during replication.
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PCNA
13
The ______ clamp mechanism is vital for quick and effective DNA synthesis, as PCNA serves as a platform for ______ and ______ of proteins at the replication fork.
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sliding recruitment retention
14
PCNA helps in the ______ and ______ of proteins involved in DNA repair and replication at the replication fork.
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recruitment retention
15
Function of PCNA in DNA replication
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PCNA acts as a sliding clamp, stabilizing DNA polymerase on the DNA strand for efficient replication.
16
Role of ATP in PCNA loading by RFC
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17
PCNA unloading from DNA
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18
Linear chromosomes in eukaryotes face the ______, leading to the shortening of DNA ends with each replication cycle.
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19
The enzyme ______ helps overcome the shortening of linear eukaryotic chromosomes by adding repeats to their ends.
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20
______ are specialized DNA sequences that protect the ends of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes.
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21
The enzyme telomerase contains an RNA template and a reverse transcriptase subunit known as ______.
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22
Pre-RC assembly phase
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23
Cdk role in cell cycle transition
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24
Importance of replication timing
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