Proteins are crucial for various functions in the human body, from providing structural support to facilitating biochemical reactions. This text delves into the role of carrier proteins in selective transport across cell membranes, the differences between passive and active transport, and the importance of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It also distinguishes between carrier and channel proteins, highlighting their unique roles in cellular processes.
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Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids that play various roles in the human body, including structural support, enzyme activity, hormone regulation, and immune response
Collagen and Keratin
Collagen and keratin are structural proteins that contribute to the integrity of skin, bones, and hair
Carrier proteins are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of molecules across the cell membrane, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis
The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins, creating a barrier to polar molecules and ions
Passive Transport
Carrier proteins assist in the movement of substances down their concentration gradient without the use of cellular energy
Active Transport
Carrier proteins are involved in active transport, using energy to move substances against their concentration gradient
Aquaporins
Aquaporins are a type of channel protein that facilitates the rapid transport of water molecules
Facilitated diffusion carriers, such as GLUT proteins, use the concentration gradient to transport molecules without the use of energy
Primary Active Transport
Primary active transport carriers, like the sodium-potassium pump, use energy directly from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient
Secondary Active Transport
Secondary active transporters, such as symporters and antiporters, use the energy stored in ion gradients to transport substances
Symporters and antiporters are types of secondary active transporters that move two different substances in the same or opposite directions, respectively
Carrier proteins play a crucial role in maintaining a regulated internal environment, which is essential for proper cellular function and overall homeostasis
Carrier proteins are involved in various physiological processes, such as nerve impulse propagation and muscle contraction
Carrier proteins' ability to selectively transport substances is foundational to the complex signaling and metabolic pathways that underpin human health and disease
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Collagen and ______ are types of ______ proteins important for the health of skin, bones, and hair.
keratin
structural
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Function of cell membrane's selective permeability
Maintains homeostasis by controlling cell's internal environment.
02
Structure of cell membrane
Composed of lipid bilayer with embedded proteins; hydrophilic heads outwards, hydrophobic tails inwards.
