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Victimology, a branch of criminology, explores victimization, its psychological impact, and the dynamics between victims and offenders. It examines patterns of victimization, the interaction with the criminal justice system, and the influence of factors like individual characteristics and environmental contexts on victimization. The field also contributes to legal systems by informing case analysis and advocating for victims' rights.
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Victimology is a branch of criminology that emerged to better understand the experiences of victims and the dynamics of victim-offender relationships
Hans von Hentig
Hans von Hentig was an instrumental figure in shaping victimology by examining factors that may predispose individuals to victimization
Benjamin Mendelsohn
Benjamin Mendelsohn, often cited as the 'father of victimology', was influential in studying the victim's contribution to crime
Victimology has undergone significant development, particularly with the rise of the victims' rights movement in the 1980s
The Lifestyle Exposure Theory suggests that an individual's daily activities can influence their risk of becoming a victim
The Routine Activities Theory posits that crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian converge in time and space
The Rational Choice Theory considers victimization as a result of offenders weighing the potential benefits against the risks
The Victim Precipitation Theory proposes that victims may play an active role in the process leading to their victimization
Individual characteristics, such as mental health and perception of risk, can influence an individual's risk of victimization
Environmental contexts, such as economic conditions and community support systems, play a critical role in understanding the prevalence and impact of victimization
Theories such as Repeat Victimization and Revictimization examine why some individuals are more likely to experience subsequent harm following an initial victimization
Victimology has significant practical applications within legal systems, providing insights that inform case analysis and judicial proceedings
Notable case studies, such as the O.J. Simpson trial and the Central Park Five case, demonstrate the relevance of victimological concepts in legal contexts
Policy developments, such as the EU Directive on the rights of victims and the Crime Victims' Rights Act, exemplify ongoing efforts to respect and meet the needs of victims
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______ is a subfield of criminology focused on the study of victimization and its effects on ______.
Victimology
victims
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Victims' rights movement goals
Secure and enhance legal rights of crime victims; led to reforms like compensation schemes and victim impact statements.
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UN Declaration significance in victimology
1985 UN Declaration established global principles for justice for victims of crime and abuse of power, bolstering international focus.
