Exploring the role of RNA in protein synthesis, this overview highlights the functions of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It delves into transcription, RNA processing, and the importance of mRNA processing for gene expression. The text also covers the processing of tRNA and rRNA, essential for protein assembly, and underscores the significance of RNA processing in ensuring the accuracy of protein synthesis.
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RNA is a nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by linking genetic instructions from DNA to the production of proteins
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to be added to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
rRNA, along with proteins, makes up the structure of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination
RNA processing is the conversion of primary RNA transcripts into mature RNA molecules, which is essential for the stability and functionality of RNA in eukaryotic cells
Addition of 5' cap
The 5' cap, a modified guanine nucleotide, protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation adds a tail of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of mRNA for stability and export from the nucleus
Splicing
Splicing removes non-coding regions (introns) and joins coding regions (exons) to create a continuous coding sequence for accurate translation into a protein
RNA processing acts as a quality control mechanism to ensure the accuracy of protein synthesis and maintain the integrity of gene expression
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RNA vs DNA differences
RNA is typically single-stranded, has ribose sugar, and uracil base instead of thymine.
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Types of RNA in protein synthesis
mRNA carries DNA's message, tRNA brings amino acids, rRNA forms ribosome structure.
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Role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
rRNA, with proteins, composes ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
