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The genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, guiding its development and function. It's encoded in DNA, with genes and non-coding regions that regulate gene expression. The text delves into the history of genetic science, from Mendel and Darwin to the Human Genome Project, and explores the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization. It also highlights the impact of genome sequencing on personalized medicine and genetic testing.
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The genome is the entire set of genetic material within an organism, encoded in the form of DNA
Nucleotide Bases
The sequence of four nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) in DNA determines genetic instructions
The discovery of DNA as the material responsible for heredity revolutionized our understanding of genetic information and its transmission across generations
The diversity of forms and functions in multicellular organisms arises from the selective expression of different portions of the genome
Genome Organization
Prokaryotic genomes typically consist of a single, circular chromosome and may also contain plasmids
Genome Organization
Eukaryotic genomes are more complex, with multiple linear chromosomes contained within a nucleus and organized with histone proteins
From the Sanger sequencing method to high-throughput techniques, advancements in genome sequencing have greatly improved our ability to analyze genetic material
Human Genome Project
The mapping of the entire human genome has greatly enhanced our understanding of genetic diseases and led to the development of genetic testing
1000 Genomes Project
This project aimed to catalog human genetic variation and provide reference genomes for further research
Genetic tests can identify variations and mutations in genes, allowing for personalized medicine and tailored treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup
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Genome composition
Genome made of genes (coding DNA) and non-coding regions; genes for proteins/RNA, non-coding for regulation/structure.
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DNA's molecular structure
DNA is a double helix with four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G).
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Function of nucleotide sequence
Sequence of A, T, C, G in DNA determines genetic instructions for organism's traits.
