Recycling of Organic and Inorganic Materials

The nutrient cycle is a vital process that recycles both organic and inorganic materials, sustaining life in ecosystems

Transformation and Exchange of Nutrients

Role of Microorganisms

Microorganisms play a crucial role in driving the biogeochemical cycles that recycle nutrients within ecosystems

Maintenance of Life Balance

The nutrient cycle maintains the delicate balance of life on Earth by ensuring the availability of vital elements for living organisms

Movement of Carbon

The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms

Processes of the Carbon Cycle

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process where plants and phytoplankton convert carbon dioxide into organic matter

Respiration

Respiration is a process where organisms release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

Impact of Human Activities

Human activities, such as the use of fossil fuels and biomass, have significantly altered the carbon cycle, affecting global climate

Conversion of Atmospheric Nitrogen

The nitrogen cycle is essential for converting atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that organisms can use

Processes of the Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen fixation is a process where specialized bacteria and lightning convert nitrogen gas into ammonia

Nitrification

Nitrification is a process where bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates, which can be absorbed by plants

Denitrification

Denitrification is a process where bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere, completing the nitrogen cycle

Human Impact on the Nitrogen Cycle

Human activities, such as the use of synthetic fertilizers, have significantly altered the nitrogen cycle, with profound ecological consequences

Continuous Movement of Water

The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth, driven by solar energy

Processes of the Water Cycle

Evaporation

Evaporation is a process where water vapor rises from oceans, lakes, and rivers into the atmosphere

Precipitation

Precipitation is a process where water vapor condenses into clouds and falls as rain or snow, replenishing terrestrial water sources

Infiltration

Infiltration is a process where some precipitation seeps into the ground, becoming groundwater that can flow into water bodies or be taken up by plant roots

Importance of the Water Cycle

The water cycle is critical for regulating climate, maintaining habitats, and providing the water necessary for all life processes