Genetic engineering is a technique for altering an organism's DNA to change specific traits. It has applications in medicine, such as gene therapy and producing therapeutic proteins, and in agriculture, where it enhances crop resistance and nutritional value. The technology also aids in environmental conservation and industrial innovation, but it raises ethical and ecological concerns that must be addressed.
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Genetic engineering is a scientific technique that allows for precise alterations to an organism's DNA, leading to specific changes in its traits
Identification and Selection of Target Gene
The process of genetic engineering starts with identifying and selecting a target gene that determines a desired trait
Techniques Used in Gene Isolation and Preparation
Techniques such as gene cloning, PCR amplification, and sequencing are used to isolate and prepare the gene for insertion
Methods of Introducing Modified Gene into Host Organism
Methods such as transformation, transduction, and transfection are used to introduce the modified gene into the host organism
Advanced genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, allow for precise, targeted modifications of the genome by inducing double-strand breaks at specific DNA sequences
Genetic engineering has profound implications in medicine, including the synthesis of therapeutic proteins, production of monoclonal antibodies, and development of gene therapies for hereditary diseases
Genetically engineered organisms serve as vital tools for understanding gene function and regulation in scientific research
Industrial applications of genetic engineering range from the production of enzymes and biofuels to bioremediation and the creation of innovative materials
Genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture by producing crops with improved traits and has potential applications in conservation and environmental restoration
The precision of genetic engineering allows for targeted modifications to organisms, reducing the need for chemical inputs and enabling the production of valuable biological compounds
Potential Risks and Impacts
The technology raises concerns about the unintended spread of modified genes, potential impacts on ecosystems, and ethical issues related to the ownership of genetic resources
Ethical Questions
The use of genetic engineering raises ethical questions about the extent of human intervention in natural processes
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Organisms altered through this scientific technique are referred to as ______ ______ organisms, which have applications in areas like agriculture and ______.
genetically modified
medicine
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Single gene vs. polygenic traits manipulation
Single gene traits: only one gene altered. Polygenic traits: multiple genes identified and modified.
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Gene cloning purpose in genetic engineering
Gene cloning is used to isolate and replicate the target gene for further manipulation.
