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Mitochondria are essential organelles for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. They are dynamic, undergoing fusion and fission to maintain cellular health. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various diseases, and mtDNA is inherited matrilineally. Research advancements in mitochondrial biology enhance our understanding of these organelles' functions beyond energy metabolism, including their role in spermatogenesis and their endosymbiotic origin akin to plastids in plant cells.
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Mitochondria are believed to have originated from a symbiotic relationship with ancient bacteria and have a highly folded inner membrane to increase surface area for energy production
Fusion and Fission
Mitochondria are highly dynamic and can fuse and divide to maintain their health and function
Mitophagy and the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Mitophagy and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore play critical roles in repairing damaged mitochondria and regulating cell survival
Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a range of diseases due to its central role in energy production and cellular metabolism
Mitochondrial DNA is typically inherited matrilineally, but there have been documented exceptions, providing insights into genetic diseases and heredity mechanisms
Mitochondrial DNA also plays a role in spermatogenesis and plastids, which share a similar endosymbiotic origin, perform various functions in plant cells
Specialized resources and databases have greatly facilitated mitochondrial research, providing information on genetics, biochemistry, and pathology
Advanced imaging techniques, such as electron tomography, have revolutionized our ability to visualize and understand mitochondrial dynamics, structure, and function