Calcium signaling is crucial for various physiological processes, with mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) playing a pivotal role in regulating calcium ions (Ca^2+) and maintaining cellular homeostasis. MAMs facilitate the interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, influencing metabolic activity, apoptosis, and cellular signaling. Dysregulation at MAMs is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing their importance in cell survival. Additionally, the text delves into the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, tracing back to a symbiotic event that revolutionized energy production in eukaryotic cells.
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1
In cellular communication, ______ ions are crucial for regulating numerous bodily functions.
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2
The ______ on the outer mitochondrial membrane collaborates with the ER's ______ to facilitate calcium ion transfer.
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3
Role of Ca^2+ in mitochondrial function
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4
Consequence of excessive Ca^2+ in mitochondria
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5
Function of Bcl-2 in Ca^2+ homeostasis
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6
In ______, the ______ complex aids in lipid transfer and protein placement at MAMs.
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7
At MAMs, ______ help maintain ______ and facilitate ER-mitochondrial signaling, especially during ______.
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8
The coordination of cell activities that rely on MAM ______ is critically dependent on these ______.
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9
Define MAMs.
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10
Role of MAMs in physiological processes.
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11
MAMs in neuronal function and quality control.
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12
The ______ DNA of mitochondria, which is circular and has gene composition similar to bacteria, supports the ______ theory.
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13
Mitochondria retain some ______ traits, including ribosomes akin to prokaryotic ______ ribosomes.
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14
The fusion of mitochondria into eukaryotic cells happened approximately ______ to ______ billion years ago, a critical event in the development of complex life.
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