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Atomic theory has been pivotal in shaping modern chemistry and physics, tracing back to ancient philosophical ideas and evolving through scientific discoveries. John Dalton's early 19th-century atomic model proposed indivisible atoms as the smallest units of matter, forming compounds in fixed ratios. This concept was refined by later findings, including subatomic particles and Avogadro's hypothesis, which corrected atomic weights and distinguished atoms from molecules.
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Ancient philosophers believed that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles
Definition of "atom" from the Greek word "atomos"
John Dalton reintroduced the term "atom" from the Greek word "atomos," meaning indivisible
Dalton's atomic theory proposed that elements were made up of identical atoms and that these atoms combined in specific ratios to form compounds, leading to a better understanding of chemical reactions
Antoine Lavoisier redefined elements as fundamental substances that could not be broken down by chemical means
Joseph Proust's law stated that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass
Antoine Lavoisier introduced the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass is conserved in chemical reactions
Dalton's law of multiple proportions, which states that elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds, was a key piece of evidence for his atomic theory
Incorrect determination of chemical formulas
Due to the scientific limitations of his time, Dalton's determination of chemical formulas was sometimes incorrect
Lack of understanding of diatomic molecules
Dalton was unaware that some elements form diatomic molecules, leading to errors in his atomic theory
Dalton's atomic theory initially faced resistance, especially in explaining the behavior of organic compounds
The complexity of organic chemistry revealed limitations in Dalton's model
Karlsruhe Congress in 1860
The Karlsruhe Congress in 1860 played a crucial role in clarifying chemical terminology
Stanislao Cannizzaro's contributions
Stanislao Cannizzaro's contributions led to the distinction between atoms and molecules, clarifying chemical terminology
00
The foundation of modern ______ and ______ is the idea that all matter is made up of ______.
chemistry
physics
atoms
01
The concept of indivisible units of matter dates back to ______ times, but wasn't scientifically acknowledged until the ______.
ancient
1800s
02
______ played a crucial role in the development of atomic theory, reintroducing the term 'atom' from the Greek word '______'.
John Dalton
atomos
