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The fundamental building blocks of matter, atoms, are composed of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Understanding their size, interaction with light, and the forces that hold them together, such as electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces, is crucial. This knowledge explains atomic mass, charge, ion formation, and the role of chemical bonds in forming diverse materials.
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The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons
Electrons orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge
The atomic number determines the element, while isotopes have different numbers of neutrons
Atoms are incredibly small, with a diameter of about 100 picometers
The behavior of atoms is studied using quantum mechanics, a branch of physics
Atoms cannot be seen with conventional optical microscopes due to their small size
The mass of an atom is primarily concentrated in its nucleus, while protons and electrons have opposite charges
Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net charge
Atoms are held together by the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force
Chemical bonds result from the sharing or transferring of electrons between atoms and can be ionic, covalent, or metallic
Chemical bonds allow atoms to interact and form a vast diversity of materials, which is fundamental to the field of chemistry
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Smallest unit of matter retaining element properties?
Atom - retains chemical properties of an element.
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Components of an atom's nucleus?
Protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).
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Electron cloud significance?
Surrounds nucleus, contains negatively charged electrons.
