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Exploring the realm of atoms, this overview discusses techniques like STM and mass spectrometry for visualizing and identifying atomic structures. It delves into non-destructive identification methods and the study of atoms in the cosmos, detailing the formation and abundance of elements, Earth's atomic makeup, and rare atomic matter.
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The STM uses quantum tunneling to scan and map the surface topography of individual atoms
Mass spectrometry allows for the identification and differentiation of atoms based on their mass-to-charge ratio
Atom-probe tomography combines microscopy and mass spectrometry to provide three-dimensional imaging and identification of individual atoms
XPS measures the energy of electrons emitted from atoms to identify their chemical state and composition
AES uses electron beams to analyze the energy emitted from atoms and identify their elemental composition
EELS, used with transmission electron microscopy, provides detailed information about the elemental and chemical composition of a sample
Astronomers use spectroscopy to analyze the light emitted by celestial bodies and identify the elements present
Atoms make up a significant component of the total energy density in the universe and play a crucial role in the structure and evolution of galaxies
Atoms were created through various processes, including Big Bang nucleosynthesis, stellar nucleosynthesis, and cosmic ray spallation
The Earth's atomic composition is derived from the primordial nebula and supplemented by atoms produced through radioactive decay
Scientists have discovered superheavy elements, antimatter, and exotic atoms, providing opportunities to further our understanding of the fundamental nature of matter
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Smallest unit of matter retaining element identity
Atoms are the smallest units that maintain the properties of an element.
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Principle enabling STM to visualize atoms
Quantum tunneling allows electrons to pass through barriers, used by STM to map atoms.
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Information provided by STM beyond topography
STM reveals spatial atom arrangement and surface electronic states.
