The nervous system is a complex network that regulates everything from voluntary movements to involuntary processes like heart rate and digestion. It consists of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the CNS to the body's limbs and organs. Neurons, neurotransmitters, and the integrated functioning of the CNS and PNS are crucial for our sensory and motor capabilities, as well as for maintaining homeostasis. Disorders of the nervous system can have significant impacts on health and function, affecting cognitive, emotional, and physical abilities.
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Neurons are the basic units of neural communication in the nervous system
Brain
The brain processes sensory data and formulates responses in the nervous system
Spinal Cord
The spinal cord acts as a conduit for neural signals in the nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
The somatic nervous system governs voluntary muscle control and sensory information in the nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions in the nervous system
The CNS is responsible for information processing and decision-making in the nervous system
The PNS implements decisions made by the CNS through control over muscles and glands in the nervous system
The somatic nervous system controls conscious functions, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions in the nervous system
Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses in the nervous system
The James-Lange Theory suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion in the nervous system
Traumatic injuries and neurological conditions can affect cognitive, emotional, and physical capabilities in the nervous system
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Basic units of neural communication
Neurons - cells that transmit nerve signals throughout the nervous system.
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Three types of neurons by function
Sensory neurons - detect environmental changes; Motor neurons - control muscle movement; Interneurons - connect neurons within CNS.
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Involuntary processes regulated by the nervous system
Heart rate and digestion - managed by autonomic nervous system, a part of PNS.
