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Heavy water, or deuterium oxide (D2O), plays a crucial role in nuclear technology as a neutron moderator in reactors like CANDU and in producing plutonium. Historically significant in World War II, its production has been central to various national nuclear programs. Today, countries like Iran and Pakistan produce heavy water, which also finds applications in scientific research, such as NMR spectroscopy and neutrino detection. Due to its potential in nuclear weapons, heavy water is strictly regulated internationally.
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Heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide (D2O), is a form of water where the hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium isotopes
Neutron Moderation
Heavy water is prized for its ability to moderate neutrons without capturing them, making it essential in sustaining a nuclear chain reaction
Plutonium Production
Heavy water is also used in the production of plutonium, an element used in nuclear weapons
Heavy water production and distribution have played a crucial role in the development of nuclear technology, particularly during World War II
Heavy water is produced in various countries, including Iran, Pakistan, Romania, and France
Despite its global production, heavy water facilities have faced economic and production challenges, leading to the closure of some plants
Some countries, such as Iran and Romania, have exported heavy water for both domestic use and international markets
NMR Spectroscopy
Heavy water is used as a solvent in NMR spectroscopy, allowing for the study of molecules without interference
Organic Chemistry
Heavy water is also used in the synthesis of deuterium-labeled compounds in organic chemistry
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory uses heavy water to detect different neutrino flavors
The doubly labeled water method, which uses heavy water and oxygen-18 water, is a non-invasive technique for measuring metabolic rates in humans and animals
Due to its potential use in nuclear weapons, heavy water production, possession, and distribution are subject to strict international regulations
Agencies like the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) implement safeguards and material accounting to prevent the diversion of heavy water for non-peaceful purposes
Small amounts of heavy water can be acquired from chemical suppliers for academic and research purposes, as long as they comply with national and international security protocols
00
______ water, or deuterium oxide (D2O), contains hydrogen isotopes known as ______.
Heavy
deuterium
01
The ______ ______ ______ reactors, known as CANDU, utilize natural uranium, unlike reactors that need ______ uranium.
Canadian Deuterium Uranium
enriched
02
WWII Heavy Water Key Locations
Norsk Hydro (Norway), Sweden, Canada were major heavy water producers during WWII.
