Water's electrical conductivity is influenced by its self-ionization into hydroxide and hydronium ions, with pure water exhibiting high resistivity, ideal for sensitive applications. Its polarity and hydrogen bonding contribute to its high melting and boiling points, solvent capabilities, and thermal capacity. Water's cohesive and adhesive properties enable capillary action, vital in biological systems. As a universal solvent, water dissolves polar and ionic substances, playing a key role in various natural processes.
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1
Pure water's conductivity is comparable to ______ semiconductors, but far less than ______.
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2
The presence of ______ in water greatly enhances its ______.
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3
Water molecules can split into ______ and ______ ions, though in minimal amounts.
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4
Max resistivity of ultra-pure water temperature
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5
Conductivity of pure water at 25 °C
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6
Primary charge carriers in ice
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7
The ______ of water molecules leads to a strong dipole moment due to their bent shape and charge distribution.
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8
Water's ______ and ______ points are unusually high because of the hydrogen bonds between molecules.
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9
Unlike water, ______ sulfide is a gas at room temperature even though it has a higher molecular mass.
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10
The ______ atom in water molecules has a partial negative charge, while the ______ atoms have partial positive charges.
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11
Water's ability to dissolve substances and its high ______ capacity are due to the ______ bonds between its molecules.
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thermal hydrogen
12
Hydrogen bonding in water
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Primary force behind water's cohesive properties, allowing molecules to stick together.
13
Water's high surface tension
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Result of cohesive forces, enabling phenomena like insects walking on water's surface.
14
Capillary action in plants
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Movement of water against gravity, driven by water's cohesion and adhesion properties.
15
Substances that mix well with water are termed ______, whereas those that do not are called ______.
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16
The ______ of a substance in water depends on its ability to form favorable interactions with water molecules.
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17
In water, ______ substances like sodium chloride break into ions, while ______ substances such as sucrose form hydrogen bonds.
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18
Water hexamer structure significance
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19
Water absorption spectrum characteristics
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20
Water's slight blue color explanation
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21
In its liquid state, water molecules can establish up to ______ hydrogen bonds, creating a dynamic network.
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22
The unique network of water leads to a decrease in its density when the temperature drops below ______.
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23
Research into water's molecular structure has been advanced by techniques such as ______.
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