Exploring Thomas Kuhn's influential concept of scientific paradigms, this overview delves into the framework of theories and methodologies that guide research. It examines the nature of paradigm shifts, the role of exemplars in scientific education, and the non-linear progression of scientific knowledge. Kuhn's ideas on incommensurability and the impact of social factors on scientific development are also discussed, alongside ongoing debates and critiques of his paradigm theory.
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1
Components of a scientific paradigm
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2
Role of paradigms in scientific problems
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3
Consequence of paradigm shifts
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4
The term '______', coined by ______, describes the phenomenon where scientific frameworks before and after a paradigm shift are so different that they lack a shared standard for comparison.
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5
According to ______, traditional methods of scientific validation like ______ and ______ are inadequate for evaluating competing scientific frameworks because these methods are contingent upon specific paradigms.
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6
Kuhn's concept of 'normal science'
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7
Role of exemplars in scientific education
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8
Evolution of exemplars over time
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9
Kuhn states that for a new ______ to be widely accepted, it must overcome the weaknesses of the previous one while maintaining its ______-solving abilities.
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10
Kuhn underscores the significance of ______ in scientific advancement and the capacity of new ______ to solve ongoing scientific conundrums.
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11
The process of scientific advancement involves periods of ______ science, which are punctuated by ______ shifts, as per Kuhn's theory.
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12
Kuhn's view on scientific advancement
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13
Influence of social factors according to Kuhn
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14
Criticism of Kuhn's paradigm comparison
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15
Critics challenge the idea that scientific ______ are completely incomparable, suggesting that they can be evaluated using common ______ evidence.
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16
Some argue that changes in meaning within ______ happen more frequently and are less ______ than Kuhn indicated.
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17
Opponents of Kuhn's view propose that scientific terms do not remain ______ across different theories, and they recognize the ______ of reference within theories.
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18
The ongoing debates contribute to a deeper understanding of the ______ of scientific knowledge and the processes behind ______ change.
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History
The Nature and Divisions of Science
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The Evolution of Scientific Inquiry
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Scientific Advancements in Antiquity and the Middle Ages
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The Emergence of Classical Mechanics in the Enlightenment
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