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Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are crucial for energy management, balancing supply and demand in heating and cooling. They include Sensible Heat Storage (SHS) with mediums like water and molten salts, Latent Heat Storage (LHS) using phase change materials (PCMs), and Thermo-Chemical Heat Storage (TCS) based on reversible chemical reactions. Innovations like molten aluminum storage, encapsulated PCMs, and molecular solar thermal systems are enhancing TES efficiency and capacity.
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TES systems are classified into three types: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermo-chemical heat storage
The selection of TES systems is based on their unique benefits, constraints, and the specific requirements of the intended application
TES systems are essential for balancing energy supply with demand, especially in heating and cooling applications
Sensible heat storage involves changing the temperature of a storage medium without a phase change
Water tanks
Water tanks are an economical SHS solution
Molten salts and metals
Molten salts and metals can handle higher temperatures, providing larger storage capacities
Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) and packed-bed storage systems
UTES and packed-bed storage systems utilize the thermal mass of the ground or a packed material to store heat
The storage capacity of SHS is limited by the specific heat capacity of the storage medium
Molten salt technology is a specific application of SHS used in concentrated solar power plants
Molten salt storage is efficient and capable of storing thermal energy for extended periods with adequate insulation
Projects like Solar Two and solar thermal power plants such as the Solana Generating Station and the Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant have successfully implemented molten salt storage
Steam accumulators store heat in the form of pressurized water and steam
Hot silicon and molten aluminum technologies provide higher storage temperatures and improved efficiencies
Storing heat in materials like hot rocks or concrete
Storing heat in materials like hot rocks or concrete allows for the retention of surplus energy at high temperatures for long durations
"Brick toaster" concept
The "brick toaster" concept is a novel approach that allows for the retention of surplus energy at high temperatures for long durations
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Purpose of TES systems
Balance energy supply with demand, especially in heating and cooling.
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Criteria for TES system selection
Based on benefits, constraints, and specific application requirements.
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______ heat storage is a common and advanced TES method, involving temperature alteration of a medium without changing its state.
Sensible
