The Nature of Thermal Energy

Thermal energy covers the minute motion of particles and larger concepts like ______ and ______, which are forms of energy transfer.

Heat transfer methods

Heat vs. property of system

Enthalpy relevance

From a ______ perspective, thermal energy is linked to the random movement of particles in a system.

Thermal energy plays a role in changing ______ potential energy into various energy forms.

In terms of heat flow, thermal energy is the energy that is ______ by the flow.

Thermal energy affects a system's internal energy through ______ or heat ______.

Latent vs Sensible Heat

Thermal Energy Concept Refinement

Heat-Mechanical Energy Relationship

The transformation of ______ energy into work is constrained by the principles of ______.

Due to the system's ______ and the surrounding ______, not all internal energy can be harnessed for work.

The ______ free energy is the total internal energy minus the product of ______ and absolute temperature.

Understanding the efficiency of energy conversion processes requires knowledge of the ______ limits of using thermal energy.

Applications of thermal energy