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The French First Republic's establishment followed the French Revolution, abolishing the monarchy and sparking political turmoil. Key events include the Reign of Terror, Robespierre's downfall, and the shift to moderate governance with the Thermidorian Reaction. The Directory's rise and Napoleon's ascent to power mark the era's end.
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The French Revolution, a period of social and political upheaval, led to the establishment of the French First Republic
Political Factions
The National Convention was divided into moderate Girondins, radical Montagnards, and centrists known as La Plaine
Early Actions
The National Convention abolished the monarchy, proclaimed the Republic, and introduced a revolutionary calendar
Economic Hardship
The Republic faced civil unrest and food shortages, leading to economic hardship
Counter-Revolutionary Uprising
The Vendée region opposed the Republic's policies, leading to a significant crisis
Defection of General Dumouriez
The Republic's stability was further undermined by the defection of General Dumouriez to the Austrians
The Committee of Public Safety was created to address escalating threats to the Republic
Law of Suspects
The Law of Suspects allowed for the arrest and execution of perceived enemies of the Republic
Law of Maximum
The Law of Maximum set price controls on essential goods to address economic issues
Revolutionary Tribunals
Revolutionary tribunals resulted in the execution of thousands, including counter-revolutionaries
Military Leaders
Military leaders like Napoleon Bonaparte emerged during the Reign of Terror
Factional Disputes
Factional disputes within the Montagnards led to purges and executions of their leaders
Opposition to Robespierre's leadership grew due to accusations of tyranny and disagreements over policy
Robespierre's reluctance to identify alleged conspirators led to his arrest and execution, marking the end of the Reign of Terror
The Thermidorian Reaction brought about a period of political moderation and the re-establishment of some freedoms
The Constitution of the Year III introduced a bicameral legislature and the Directory as a five-member executive body
The 'law of two-thirds' aimed to maintain continuity in governance by retaining many incumbent deputies in the new legislature
Despite political turmoil, France achieved military successes, securing its borders through strategic treaties and victories
00
The ______, which included the Girondins and Montagnards, was elected to draft a new French constitution in ______.
National Convention
September 1792
01
King Louis XVI was executed in ______ after his covert negotiations with foreign entities were exposed, leading to the ______ against France.
January 1793
First Coalition
02
Girondins' initial stance on war
Supported war to spread revolutionary ideals and strengthen political position.
