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The Outbreak of the 1848 Revolution in France

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The 1848 Revolution in France marked the overthrow of King Louis Philippe and the birth of the Second Republic. Sparked by political and economic strife, the uprising escalated with the defection of the National Guard and the resignation of Prime Minister François Guizot. The conflict culminated in the king's abdication and the proclamation of the republic, influencing liberal movements across Europe.

The Outbreak of the 1848 Revolution in France

The 1848 Revolution in France, a pivotal moment in French history, led to the fall of King Louis Philippe and the establishment of the Second Republic. Sparked by political discontent and economic hardship, the revolution began with widespread public demonstrations in Paris on February 22. Despite a government ban on political gatherings, workers, students, and political activists took to the streets. Initially peaceful, the protests escalated as the crowds, underestimated by the authorities, faced a disorganized response from the police. Protesters occupied key locations and nearly stormed the Palais Bourbon, home to the Chamber of Deputies. By the end of the day, the protesters had been temporarily dispersed, only to regroup with greater numbers, constructing barricades and clashing with the Municipal Guard.
19th century Parisian street scene during the Revolution of 1848, with citizens in period dress and improvised barricades.

Escalation of Conflict and Guizot's Resignation

On February 23, tensions heightened as the Ministry of War deployed additional troops to Paris, and protesters demanded the resignation of Prime Minister François Guizot. The National Guard, largely composed of middle-class citizens, defected to the side of the demonstrators, signaling broad support for change. King Louis Philippe, recognizing the gravity of the situation, accepted Guizot's resignation and sought to form a new cabinet. However, the move failed to appease the public, as deep-seated social and economic grievances remained unaddressed. That evening, a confrontation between the military and protesters led to the 14th Line Infantry Regiment opening fire on a group of demonstrators, resulting in multiple fatalities. This incident exacerbated the unrest, leading to the rapid erection of over 1,500 barricades across Paris.

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Fall of King Louis Philippe

King Louis Philippe abdicated due to revolutionary pressure, leading to the establishment of the Second Republic.

01

Role of Paris in 1848 Revolution

Paris was the epicenter of the revolution, with public demonstrations sparking the nationwide uprising.

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Response of authorities to protests

Authorities' disorganized response and underestimation of crowds led to the escalation of peaceful protests into violent clashes.

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