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The French Revolution reshaped France, starting with the storming of the Bastille, signaling the end of the Ancien Régime. It led to the establishment of a new political order, drafting of a new constitution, and significant changes to the Catholic Church. Political divisions and economic crises fueled the transition from a monarchy to a republic, culminating in the execution of Louis XVI.
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The Bastille represented the absolute power of the monarchy and its fall marked the beginning of the end of the Ancien Régime
Economic Hardship
Widespread discontent due to economic hardship was a major factor in the storming of the Bastille
Dismissal of Jacques Necker
The king's dismissal of popular finance minister Jacques Necker further fueled the revolt
Presence of Foreign Troops
The presence of foreign troops in Paris also contributed to the people's anger and desire for change
The fall of the Bastille led to the dismantling of the fortress and the people's triumph over despotism
King Louis XVI's attempts to regain control, such as appointing new leaders, could not restore the monarchy's authority
The Assembly faced internal divisions over the future political structure of France, leading to debates and disagreements
The August Decrees abolished feudal privileges and marked a significant step towards a more egalitarian society and the dismantling of the old feudal order
The Declaration, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, articulated universal rights and the principles of popular sovereignty
The National Constituent Assembly established a constitutional monarchy with a unicameral legislature and a king with a suspensive veto
The distinction between "active" and "passive" citizens created new social and political tensions, particularly among the excluded poorer segments of society
The August Decrees weakened the church's economic base by confiscating its lands
The Civil Constitution reorganized the church hierarchy and required clergy to swear loyalty to the state, leading to a schism within the church
The division between "non-juring" and "juring" priests exacerbated religious and political tensions within France, contributing to counter-revolutionary sentiment
The political landscape was divided among various factions, including the conservative Feuillants, the radical Jacobins, and the moderate Girondins
The Jacobin clubs, particularly among the working-class militants, grew in influence
Economic hardship and food scarcity led to popular demonstrations, such as the Women's March on Versailles, which resulted in the royal family's forced relocation to Paris
The king's attempted flight to Varennes severely undermined the monarchy's legitimacy and intensified the revolutionary fervor
The newly formed Legislative Assembly faced internal discord and external threats
The radical insurrection of August 10, 1792, led to the suspension of the king and the proclamation of the First French Republic
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Symbolism of the Bastille
Represented monarchy's autocratic power; its fall symbolized liberation from despotism.
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Causes of the Bastille's storming
Economic hardship, dismissal of Jacques Necker, foreign troops in Paris, king's indecision.
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Aftermath for Governor de Launay
Marquis Bernard-René de Launay killed by revolutionaries during the storming.
