They transform large molecules like proteins and fats into smaller ones such as ______ and ______ acids.

The breakdown of carbohydrates and nucleic acids results in ______ sugars and nucleotides.

The body's ability to use nutrients from food relies on the ______ activity of these enzymes.

Function of Proteases and Peptidases

Role of Lipases in Digestion

Carbohydrases' Action on Carbohydrates

Digestion starts in the ______, where enzymes in saliva begin chemically breaking down food.

The enzyme ______ begins the conversion of starches into maltose and dextrins in the mouth.

______ lipase is responsible for starting the breakdown of fats in the mouth.

Saliva contains ______, an enzyme that fights bacteria and promotes oral health.

Serous glands in the mouth release a watery fluid rich in enzymes, while mucous glands secrete a ______ mucus.

Activation of pepsin from pepsinogen

Function of gastric lipase

Role of intrinsic factor in nutrition

______ and ______ are proteases found in pancreatic juice, initially secreted as zymogens.

For breaking down carbohydrates and fats, the pancreas secretes ______ amylase and ______ lipase respectively.

Hormones such as ______ and ______ regulate the release of pancreatic juice in response to food in the small intestine.

The presence of ______ acids and ______ acids in the small intestine triggers the secretion of pancreatic juice.

Enzymes secreted by small intestine

Role of brush border enzymes

Absorption process in small intestine

The enzymes such as ______, ______, and ______ help these plants obtain ______, ______, and other vital nutrients.

Certain ______ plants depend on ______ with bacteria to help decompose their prey, instead of producing all ______ themselves.

Adapting to ______-poor habitats, carnivorous plants have evolved various ______ methods to digest their prey.