Enzymology's history began with Anselme Payen's isolation of diastase in 1833, leading to the study of enzymes as biological catalysts. Louis Pasteur's vitalist theory on fermentation and Eduard Buchner's cell-free fermentation discovery further shaped the field. The term 'enzyme' was introduced by Wilhelm Kühne, and the protein nature of enzymes was confirmed by crystallization studies. Structural biology and enzyme classification have since provided deeper understanding of enzyme diversity and evolution.
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1
Emergence of Enzymology as a scientific field
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2
Significance of diastase discovery
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3
The scientist ______ suggested that ______ was a result of 'ferments' in yeast, which he believed were tied to the yeast's ______.
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4
Initially, ______ held a ______ perspective, thinking enzymatic activities were a sign of life, but this was later replaced by the knowledge that enzymes are ______ that function outside living cells.
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5
Original meaning of 'enzyme'
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6
Enzymes vs. Ferments distinction
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7
Buchner's discovery of the enzyme ______ as the catalyst for sugar fermentation was a significant challenge to the vitalist theory.
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8
For his work on enzymes, Buchner was awarded the ______ in ______ for Chemistry.
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9
The award of the Nobel Prize to Buchner in 1907 confirmed that enzymes are ______ substances, capable of functioning outside living cells.
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10
Enzyme naming convention
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11
Debate over enzyme composition
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12
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946
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13
The field of ______ biology emerged following the initial crystallization of enzymes.
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14
Enzymes are categorized by the reactions they facilitate, using a naming system from the ______.
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15
The nomenclature system for enzymes uses ______ numbers to reflect their biochemical activities.
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16
Enzyme classification by sequence similarity vs. function
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17
Enzyme grouping into families
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18
Role of horizontal gene transfer in enzyme evolution
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Biology
Enzyme Structure and Function
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Enzyme Specificity and Substrate Interaction
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The Essential Roles of Enzymes in Biological Systems
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The Evolution of Enzymatic Activities
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